most people want to be happy|while most of us are happy to

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　　while most of us are happy to

　　While most of us are happy to take the credit when things go well, few of us are willing to take the blame when things go wrong. Rather than trying to hide our shame or embarrassment, experts found that we are simply less aware when our actions result in a negative outcome.

　　The research may explain why we often feel it hard to take the blame for our actions. “Our result suggests that people may really experience less responsibility for negative than for positive outcomes,” said Patrick Haggard, leading researcher and professor of the institute of Cognitive Neuroscience at University College London.

　　In a series of tests, participants were asked to press a key. A sound then followed, either disapproving, neutral’ or approving, and they were then asked to estimate the time between the action and when they had heard the sound.

　　Researchers found that individuals experienced different levels of responsibility depending on the outcomes. They also discovered they were significantly slower to recognize if their actions had resulted in a bad consequence, compared to when they had done well.

　　“Effectively, we have found that we experience a negative outcome differently, not just retell it differently. We make a weaker connection when there is a bad result. And respond much more strongly when something good happens,” said Professor Haggard. When something goes right, everyone wants to take the credit, and when things go wrong. Nobody is interested in putting their hand up.

　　The researchers said our brain is “very much concerned” with reward, as good results are key to survival. Although our own perception (认知) of whether we are guilty of something or not is changed by the outcome, this does not provide a defence if we have done something wrong. “Our experience of our own responsibilities can be misleading and can be strongly coloured by the outcomes of our actions,” said Professor Haggard. “We have to take responsibility for what we actually do, not just for how we experience things.”

　　1.People who don’t take the blame for their actions _______.

　　A. always try to hide their shame or embarrassment.

　　B. are only willing to take the credit when things go well

　　C. are less responsible for negative than for positive outcomes

　　D. are less aware of what to do when a negative outcome happens

　　2. According to the passage, a person who is concerned with reward is _______.

　　A. awkward B. stubborn C. absurd D. natural

　　3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A. Our responsibilities can be strongly affected by the outcomes of our actions.

　　B. When something bad happens, nobody is interested in dealing with the problem.

　　C. People were quicker to recognize if their actions had resulted in a bad consequence.

　　D. Participants were asked to count the time between pressing a key and hearing the sound.

　　4. How is the passage developed?

　　A. By giving examples. B. By making comparison.

　　C. By quoting research findings. D. By providing data.

　　5. What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph?

　　A. People’s reaction to good results and bad results.

　　B. We should take more responsibility for what we do.

　　C. Different levels of responsibility depend on the outcomes.

　　D. The reasons why people can’t accept blame when things go wrong.

　　阅读理解

　　Some rain must fall.For many people in the world today those rainy days take the form of financial

　　problems. If you have found yourself in such a position, you may be wondering what you should do in

　　a difficult time.Through this text, you are given some tips and advice that you can use if you are facing

　　some sort of financial problems or difficulties.

　　The first step that you will want to take when you find yourself in a budget crunch(预算短缺) is to

　　make sure that you take the time to contact your money lenders.By making contact with your money

　　lenders, you will open up the lines of communication.In this day and age, the typical money lender is

　　going to be willing to deal with you and work with you. As long as you are proactive, you are likely to

　　find that a lender or other creditors will be willing to work out a payment plan that will work for you.

　　The next step that you will want to take is to make a serious budget for the future.One of the reasons

　　that people run into trouble in many instances rests in the fact that they simply do not take the time to

　　budget and plan.By planning and budgeting, you will find that you will have a better chance of avoiding

　　financial problems and difficulties in the future.

　　A third step that you will want to take when it comes to dealing with a financial crunch is that you

　　should start toeliminatesome of your credit cards.Many people do end up facing financial issues because

　　they have collected far too much debt on credit cards.In this day and age, people really do tend to

　　overuse credit cards in many instances.

　　Finally, when it comes to dealing with and resolving a financial crunch, you will want to make sure

　　that you eliminate some of your unnecessary spending at least for the time being.While you

　　understandably like to buy things that are entertaining, nice and special if you are facing financial issues,

　　it is important to return to the basics until you get rid of a financial crunch.

　　1. The writer wrote this text in order to ________.

　　A. give readers some advice on how to deal with financial problems

　　B. suggest that we should make a careful budget in our daily life

　　C. show us how to keep in touch with our money lenders

　　D. explain to us his experience in saving money in his daily life

　　2. The writer gives all the following tips except ________.

　　A. to stay in contact with those who lend you money

　　B. to make a careful plan for your future life

　　C. to give up some of your credit cards

　　D. to cook our own meal at home instead of eating out

　　3. The underlined word "eliminate "in the fourth paragraph most probably means ________in this text.

　　A. build up

　　B. get rid of

　　C. burn up

　　D. show up

　　4. What can your money lenders do for you?

　　A. The money lender can cut off some of his interest for you.

　　B. The money lender will offer you a certain discount when you pay.

　　C. The money lender will help to make out a plan for paying back the money.

　　D. The money lender will allow you extension (延期) if you can't pay.

　　查看答案

　　Whatever we may need to buy，we can use our credit cards.This is a change from the older days when we had to first check whether cards were accepted.Today，everybody, from retailers(零售商) to lenders，accepts credit cards.Attitudes towards credit cards have also changed a lot.People used to be

　　very careful of using their cards;but this is no longer the case. People today prefer to take out their c

　　The credit card is much easier to carry than cash and it is not at all surprising that the former becomes the most preferred way of payment.A credit card takes up very little space in our wallets，and yet，it holds the

　　Moreover，it has become much easier to get credit cards these days.I constantly have cold callers calling up to offer me “great new credit card deals”.Salesmen occasionally walk into our office offering discounts if a group of people decide to sign up a certain kind of credit card plan at the same time.However，this can also cause a problem.Nowadays，we always run the

　　risk of getting some kinds of wastes.When the terms seem too good to be true，we should make sure that we always read the printed items carefully.Before signing for a creditcard，it is necessary to know its advantages and disadvantages.The only way to deal with this is to do our homework, before we go credit card hunting.

　　【小题1】We learn from Paragraph 1 that .

　　A.people can use credit cards anytime，anywhere

　　B.people used to have to check up on credit cards

　　C.people are more careful using credit cards nowadays

　　D.people can take their goods home just by swiping their cards

　　【小题2】One of the main advantages of credit cards is that .

　　A.they occupy less space compared with other modes of payment

　　B.they are more powerful than cash

　　C.they are easy to get，and save money

　　D.they help users keep track of what they spend on

　　【小题3】When signing for a credit card，people should .

　　A.ask for a discount

　　B.understand the dangers

　　C.read every word of the contract carefully

　　D.understand that the salesman is most likely to offer false information

　　【小题4】In the last sentence the writer tells us that .

　　A.we should know the advantages and disadvantages of credit cards before using them

　　B.we should finish work before going shopping with a credit card

　　C.we should check which credit cards are accepted before using them

　　D.we should make sure that our credit cards are real before using them

　　查看答案

　　Now scientists have found why most of us are happy to take the credit when things go well, few of us are willing to take the blame when things go wrong. Rather than trying to hide our shame or embarrassment, we are simply paying less attention when our actions lead to a negative result.

　　“Our result suggests that people may really experience less responsibility for negative than for positive consequences,” said the leading researcher Patrick Haggard at University College London. “This is not merely a retrospective (事后的) explanation about how well we have done: the actual experience that we have changes, even in basic aspects like it happens at exactly the right time.”

　　In a series of tests, participants were asked to press a key. A sound then followed, either disapproving, neutral(中立的) or approving, and they were then asked to estimate the period between the action and when they had heard the sound. Researchers found individuals experienced different levels of responsibility depending on the result. They also discovered they were significantly slower to recognize of their actions had resulted in a bad result, compared to when they had done well.

　　“Effectively we have found that we experience a negative result differently, not just retell it differently. We make a weaker connection when there is a bad result, and respond much more strongly when something good happens,” said Professor Haggard. “Everybody who has worked in a team, will recognize the situation: when something goes right, everyone wants to take the credit and when things goes wrong, nobody is interested in putting their hand up.”

　　The researchers said our brain is very much concerned with award as biologically good results are key to survival. But they strongly advised that although our own ability to understand of deserving blame is changed by the result, this does not provide a defense if we have done something wrong. We have to take responsibility for what we actually do, not just for how we experience things.

　　1. People refuse to take responsibility for something wrong because___________.

　　A. they want to escape from being punished

　　B. they are afraid of losing face in front of others

　　C. they intend to ignore the sufferings of the experience

　　D. they aren’t aware of the bad results of their behaviors

　　2. What Patrick Haggard said was to __________.

　　A. stress the importance of behaving well

　　B. stress the skill of accepting the reality

　　C. offer the evidence of the research result

　　D. give the way of getting well prepared

　　3. According to Professor Haggard, when things go wrong,___________.

　　A. people will lose interest in answering questions

　　B. people are more likely to refuse to accept the facts

　　C. people are unwilling to make the same mistakes again

　　D. people hesitate to follow the advice to correct errors

　　4. The author uses the last paragraph to ___________.

　　A. warn that we should not make excuses

　　B. explain why we enjoy receiving awards

　　C. tell that we should be aware of our abilities

　　D. show that all our efforts will pay off soon

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