A
A band of= a herd of=a flock of 一群
A range of=an array of= a list of= a collection of=a series of= a set of一系列
Accelerate=speed up加速
Accomplishment=achievement 成就，完成
Accomplish=achieve （V）完成，达成，成就
Attend=participate in 参加
Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth 得到、获得
Adapt to=integrate into使适应、融为一体
Aim.n=objective=goal 目的
Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调
An array of=a list of =a set of=a series of 一系列
Attempt to do=try to do=intend to do尝试作，想要作
Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约
Appreciation=interest 欣赏
As a result=consequently=as a consequence=hence因此、从而
As well as=and和
As well=too也
Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联
Attach to=connect to=link to=serve与……相连接、附着在……上
At will=at random＝by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地
Automatically ensure=guarantee确保
B
Be similar to=closely resembled =have something in common 相似
Be used to=be devoted to专门用于
Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于
Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊
Briskly =rapidly=swiftly快速地
C
Calculate=measure 衡量
Catch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐
Chief=major=dominant=principle主要的
Chronic=long term 慢性病的
Complain=illness 病症
Concern n. =focus关心的问题
Concern v. =about 与……有关
Concept =conception=notion=idea=understanding概念、理解
Condition=regulate 调节
Confront=encounter=in the face of面临
Concern = care关心
Consist of=comprise由什么组成
Concur with sb=agree with sb 同意某人
Contaminate=pollute=poison 污染
Contend=assert=cliam断言
Contribute to=result in=lead to=link to=responsible for导致
Cooperate with=work with 与……协作
Convert to=turn into 转为、转变为
Crop up=crop out=come up 出现
D
Degenerated=underdeveloped退化
Distract from= can not concentrate 使精力分散
Deadly=fateful 致命的
Diminish=decrease=shrink 减少
Distort reality=far from reality=dishonest不真实的
Distinction=difference=nuance 不同之处
Distinct=distinguish=different=unique不同的
Distinct variety of =different kind of=separate kind of不同的
Distinguish=tell辨别
Due to=because of由于
Drawback=defect=ill缺点
E
Eat=feed 喂食，进食
Endanger=threaten 威胁
Engage in=participate in=join in 参与
Establish=set up建立
Establish=find out=figure out=work out查明
Evolvement=development=progress发展、发育
Emphasize=stress 强调 （v）
Embark upon=start=launch开始
Enlighten=illuminate=instruct=educate启蒙、给予知识
Entire=whole 全部
Exceptional=extremely 特别（特别好）
F
Fail to do=failure to do=can not do没有能够做
Far from=not at all根本不
Fault=flaw=defect错误
Form=shape=mould形成
Foundation=basis基础
Finance=sponsor=fund 提供赞助（金钱）
Free=release=set free释放
Frequently=often 经常
G
Great milestone=impact=effect=influence对……具有很重要的影响力
Grant=give授予
Gas=petrol石油
H
Hold=harbor=embrace拥有
Halt=stop=hamper(v.) 阻止、使停滞
Hurdle=barrier(n.) 阻碍
I
Identical=the same一模一样
Imitate=impersonate模仿
Incline to do=tend to do倾向于做某事
Indicate=show=suggest=signify=identify表明
Identify=recognize鉴别
In reaction to=respond to 对……起反应
Interpret=illustrate解释
Introduce to=import to引入
K
Key (a.)=important=significant=crucial=essential=play a vital/ an important part/role in重要的，关键的
Key (n.)=approach=means=method=technique方法
L
Likelihood=possibility可能性
Link-up=connection 联系
M
Master=grasp 掌握
Match sth to=assign sth to把……和……搭配起来
Misconception=misunderstanding=mistaken view错误的理解
Modify=change=alter修改、改变
Manifestation=demonstration 显示、表明
N
Nature=character=characteristics本质、特点
Non-toxic= less poisonous=safe 无毒的、安全的
Novel a.=fresh=new=up to date 新潮的、创新的
Numerous= a number of 许多
O
Owing to=thanks to =contribute to多亏……，有赖于……
P
Pattern=format形式，模式
Pattern=design图案
Pore over=study 研究
Poisonous=toxic 有毒的
Portray=describe描写塑造(v.)
Portrait=description描写塑造(n.)
Preserve=store 储存
Prevailing=popular=prevalent 盛行的
Present day=modern society 现代社会、现在时代
Prodigious effort=enormous effort重大的努力
Produce=trigger=generate=spawn=bring about=result=breed=spawn激发、产生
Provide=offer 提供
Protect A from B =shelter A from B 使A不受B的侵害
Q
Questionnaire=survey 问卷调查
R
Readily=easily=accessible 容易地
Reflect=consider考虑
Relate to=understand=appreciate理解
Rely on=depend on 依靠……
Remarkable=extraordinary 特别突出的（好的事物）
Replace=take the place of 取代
Residue=remains=relics=relicts=ruins剩余物、废墟
Resemble=like=as像
S
Show=reflect表现
Significance=importance 重要性
State=Situation=circumstance 状况,状态,情形
Striking=noticeable值得注意地
Struggle for=strive for 努力地争取
Substantial=considerable 想当可观的
Success=achievement=great outcome=great progress=huge development成功、成就
Surprising=unexpectedly uncommon令人吃惊的
T
Take to=be used to=get used to 对……习惯
Tale=story=fairytale 故事
Talent=gift 天赋
Tuition=formal teaching正式的学校教育
Turn to=consult 寻求帮助、求助于
Toxic=poisonous 有毒的
U
Unbiased=without prejudice 无立场、不带任何偏见的
Up to=depend on/upon=rely on 由……决定
Universal=popular普遍
V
Virtue=advantage=strength 优点好处
W
Work out=figure out=reckon 计算出、作出
1
1. 1解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle
2. 2损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize
3. 3给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford
4. 4培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster
5. 5优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength
6. 6缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness
7. 7使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle
8. 8重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative
9. 9认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced
10. 10保护：Protect, conserve, preserve
11. 11确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge
12. 12有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental
13. 13要求 ：Request, demand, needs, requisition
14. 14消除 ：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away
15. 15导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate
16. 16因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this
17. 17增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to
18. 18降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to
19. 19 保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out
20. 20急剧的：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably
21. 21平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly
22. 22宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim
23. 23发生：Happen, occur, take place
24. 24原因：Reason, factor, cause
25. 25发展：Development, advance, progress
26. 26有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous
27. 27影响：Influence, impact, effect
28. 28明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear
29. 29占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose
30. 30与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to31对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely
31. 32展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe
32. 33大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly
33. 34波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation
34. 35事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that
35. 36换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle
36. Concern with = relate to 与有关
37. grow= increase= riseconcentrate on = focus on
38. Under the title=name achievement =success
39. tend to do sth = plane to do sth/ want to do sth
40. be associated with = be connected with = be linked to 与……有关联
41. approach = method = way = key intensely= extremely = very
42. establish= found = set up establishment = organization
43. offer sb sth =supply sb with sth =provide sb with sth= grant
44. argument= disagreementwork = materpiece 著作
45. contract = agreement合同，合约no= without = have no 没有
46. chaos = mess 混乱monument= landmark里程碑
47. help sb with = assist sb in doing sth=reach a hand to sb帮助某人作某事
48. draw from = take fromleading = outstanding
49. competitor= rival recognize as = look/assume as
2
1. dislike=distaste test = examine
2. effect= impact=influencefrom…to = range from…to…
3. ignore = neglectas per=according to
4. unfold= carry on be reluctant to do=reject=refuse
5. before = prior to
6. predict = estimate =anticipateobey= abide by = comply with
7. account for= explain= elucidate=illustrate in essence = in fact=indeed
8. discrepancy=difference=shade forgo=give up
9. context =environment=sircumstance=situation
10. radical different=extremely different put another way=in other words
11. sort out= find out= figure out plausible = reasonable
12. fear=worrypollute = contaminate
13. predict= anticipate=forecastoverstate = exaggerate
14. in great number of = in _____ number ofactually=indeed
15. disappear= extinct灭绝seem to do =assume to do
16. solve = cope with=deal with解决accelerate = speed up
17. impact = effect =influenceresponse to = react to
18. opinion poll= survey reason = factor 原因、因素
19. entitle= name overwhelming=dominant
20. field =domain 学科领域oppose=against
21. for example=such as=for instance=sayaltruistic=non-selfish
22. lead to=result in 导致 extremely=seriously 严重地
23. perception = view 观点、看法 association=society协会
24. encounter with = face=confront面对postpone to=delay
25. pressing=urgent紧急、急迫measure=solution=method解决方法
26. key=crucial =significant=importmant关键、重要
27. but=yet enormous importance=great/significant
28. launch=startderive from = get from
29. revert to= get back todistinction=identity
30. immense =greatin the domain of=in the field of
31. couple with = along withamass dollar=accumulate dollar
32. essential feature = principleseize=grasp
33. innovative=fresh drab=dull/single
34. entirely=totallybe restricted to=be limited to
35. needs=demand
36. dub=call=name reflex=reaction/response
37. result from=originate frombe critical for = be important to
38. demanding=difficultretune=adjust
39. seek for =search foroutlook=view
40. figure out = find outtrack=follow
41. in response to=respond to = react to
42. prominence=importance revolution=invention
43. in relation to= in association withsociety = association
44. treatise=workfeature=characteristics
45. commercial exploitation =commercializedo with=due to=because of
46. objective = impersonal=impartialfoster=develop
47. account=explanation=illustrationsubstantial=consider=enough
48. be acknowledged=be realizedpilot program=trial program
49. configuration=structurephenomenal=surprising
50. make stride=make progressregardless of=despite of
51. perpetuate=keep=maintainaccess to sth=get sth
52. vital importance=extremely important
53. rest=depositartificial=manmade
54. make a comeback=return=re-enterbig=popular
55. ignite=trigger a field of=a domain of
56. encompass=unifyimply=indicate
57. breakthrough=milestonearound the corner=is coming
58. materialize=realizetide=trend
59. agency=organizationreckon=deem
60. approach=methodspot=find out
61. boost=promoteprospect=future
62. feature=portray elusive=pessimistic
63. match up to sth=equal with impressive=great
64. impact=effect=influencefragile=vulnerable
65. indigenous people=native peopletend to=look after
66. undermine=destroy=damageinevitable=unavoidable
67. renaissance=revive for instance=for example
68. operate=run
69. failure=incidentrare=unusually
70. tension=pressurecompression=pressure
71. prime=get ready to doinclusion=impurity
72. occur=happenanalyze=closely examine
73. detect=examine
74. trigger=produceinduce=encourage
75. regardless=in spite of considerable=substantial
76. important =crucial
77. opinon=perspective, standpoint
78. fame=prestige
79. relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)
80. force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel
81. enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)
82. Lonely=solitary(if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her
83. small=minuscule(very small), minute
84. praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)
85. hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly
86. difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)
87. show=demonstrate(to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)
88. avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it
89. fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)
90. always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)
91. forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)
92. quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)
93. expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)
94. respect=esteem
95. worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)
96. cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)
97. dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)
98. nowadays=currently
99. stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)
100. part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)
101. difficult=formidable
102. strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)
103. rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)
104. approximately将近-nearly, almost
105. dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)
106. scholarship=fellowship
107. attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)
108. diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)
109. rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)
110. despite=not withstanding(FORMAL)
111. best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)
112. sharp=acute(severe and intense)
113. unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen
114. famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)
115. ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)
116. possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)
117. of=necessary to
118. without=free from
119. about=concerning=related to
120. 在…方面:in …ways=in …aspects/respects/perspectives
121. 用…方法：in…ways=in…fashion=in …manner
122. rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off
123. poor = needy = impoverished
124. good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous
125. bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable
126. healthy = robust = sound = wholesome
127. surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous
128. energetic = dynamic = vigourous =animated
129. 难的：difficult=troublesome=burdensome=thorny
130. 不可或缺的：necessary=indispensable=inevitable=irreplaceable=unavoidable
131. 重要的：important=crucial, critical, essential, vital
132. =be importance=be of cruciality=be of criticality= be of essentiality=be of vitality
133. 巨大的：large=enormous, tremendous, considerable, appreciable
134. 正确的（correct）=仔细的(careful)=arduous=assiduous
135. 有道理的：reasonable=rational and plausible
136. 吸引人的：attractive=inviting and appealing
137. 足够的：adequate and sufficient
138. 日常：daily = day-to-day = everyday
139. improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize
140. solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with
141. destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate
142. develop = cultivate = foster = nurture
143. encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur
144. complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve
145. destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize
146. influence= impact
147. danger = perils =hazards
148. human beings= mankind = humane race
149. old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens
150. teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers
151. education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing
152. young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents
153. responsibility = obligation = duty = liability
154. 因素：cause, reason=factor, determinant
155. 联系：relationship(relate A to B) =connection(connect A to B ) =association(associate A to B)
156. 优点：advantage=benefit=superiority=merit = favorable aspects/respects/perspectives=undesirable aspects/respects/perspectives
157. disadvantage=detriment=inferiority=defect=deficiency=unfavorable aspects/respects/perspectives=undesirable aspects/respects/perspectives
158. enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment
159. children = offspring = descendant = kid
★ 高频短语：
1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with
2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for
3. 从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for
4. 在当代: in contemporarysociety = in present-day society= in this day and age
5. a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of
6. 对…有益处：be good for.=do good to
=be beneficial to
=be advantageous to
=be conducive to
7. 对…有害处：be harmful/bad for
=be detrimental to
=be disadvantageous to
=be pernicious to
8. 集中精力于：focus on
devote oneself to
dedicate oneself to
commit oneself to
engage oneself in
employ oneself in
9. 认为：think = argue, assert, contend, claim
maintain, note
hold the viewpoint that
hold the standpoint that
hold the perspective that
harbour an idea/opinion that
embrace a view that
10. 反对：be against=reject, object, oppose
=be opposed to
=become hostile to
11. 支持：support=take sides with
=advocate
=lend support to
=sing high praise of
12. 导致：lead to=trigger
=result in, bring about, contribute to
=give rise to, give birth to, be responsible for
13. (归咎于：be ascribed to=be attributed to)
14. 发展(develop)，提高(increase)，改善(improve)
=A 及物动词组 promote, advance, enhance, reinforce
名词 promotion, advancement, enhancement, reinforcement
=B 不及物动词 rocket, boom, flourish, prosper
15. 有：负面含义：suffer, run high risk ofhas
正面含义：boast, embrace
16. 中性含义：face=be faced with=be possessed of
面临，面对：be faced with=be encountered with=be poised on the brink of
17. 破坏：destroy, damage=A decompose, destruct
=B endanger, threaten
=C impair, decimate, deteriorate
=D exercise/practice/perform damage/danger…upon
18. 阻碍：limit=A restrict, restrain, constrict, constrain
=B obstacle, barricade
=C smother, curb
=D hinder, impede
19. 下结论：make a conclusion=A draw a conclusion that
reach a conclusion that
arrive at a conclusion that
=B hammer a conclusion that
crystallize a conclusion that
20. 使用：use=employ, apply, adopt,=resort to
21. innovate/ invent
22. attend to/ take care of
23. balanced/ equitable
24. virtual (love)/ simulate
25. small-scale小范围/ marginal边缘处的
26. dialect方言 accent腔调
27. look like/ resemble
28. chronic长期的,慢性的—long-term长期的
29. on-line /net/ cyber
30. solely/ merely/ only
31. deplete开采完，耗尽/ exhaust
32. category-categorize/ class-classify?
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